Hey! Serge here. You're a few dojos away from finishing HS101 !
This week things get exciting. We begin to apply a lot of our concepts to real parts of your life. We'll be taking the space jams you just made and improving them by introducing our last key concept â Structural Features â before going on to the full redesign.
To make the most of our time together next week, I've prepared some reading and exercises for you to go through before class. It will take about 2 hours to read and run through. The class will build on this material. Please take this time to prepare so you can follow in class.
Reading the material and running through the exercise will most likely bring up a lot of questions. That's good! Collect them in the grey boxes at the end of each section and bring them to our session. We'll have answers for you.
Let's get to it!
Serge
PS: all these materials are in constant development â if you have feedback to any of this I'd love for you to leave feedback in a comment in the text.
Check your progress as you go: [ca. 2 hours]
đ What's a Structural Feature?
đđ˝ââď¸ Agents, đ Structures, and đł Personal Values
People who design systems often refer to humans as "users" or "participants". In HS101, we call them đđ˝ââď¸ Agents, pointing out that people are thinking, reasoning decision-makers. In our terminology, agents make choices within đ Structuresâenvironments that impose physical and social constraints.
As we discussed in
But what makes the difference in her choices? Why do desired outcomes and social expectations sometimes crowd out someone's personal values?
âď¸ Structural Features
When we look closely at a structure, we can see what we'll call its âď¸Structural Features, the specific aspects of the environment in which an agent is about to make a choice.
Structural features influence and limit the choices that seem available to an agent. Certain features shape an agent's choices differently than others because the âď¸Structural Features of the situation make different things relevant â they change what we pay attention to and believe to be important in a given context.
Here is a short list of some common structural features. You won't know what all of these mean just yet and that's okay. Just take five minutes to scan through them.
We have some answers. If they don't fit your question, bring your question to class! We love new questions.
- This list is not comprehensive
- This list has been built from in-the-field redesigns. These categories are the most common ones we keep coming back to across contexts.
- Two notable sets of structural features aren't listed here. Spatial features (relevant for VR/3D space designers) and lots of embodied and in real life feedback such as smiles, body language and so on.
For an example of how âď¸Structural Features change what seems possible in a social context, read . It's a good read!
How do âď¸Structural Features fit into the redesign process? For more clarity review đHuman + Structure. It's short and helpful!
Questions?
In your own words, what are structural features? What structural features stand out to you? If you think we've missed some structural features, make a note of it in the questions box below.
Your trainer will be available to answer them in the dojo. Write everything down that you don't quite understand, so you don't forget to ask.
âď¸ Field-trip of Structural Features
Let's think about a few situations you might have been in and name the structural features of those contexts.
Take ten minutes to think through the four situations beneath. For each situation, try to list all of the structural features you notice. Afterward, click the toggle below each photo and look at the filled-in sheet.
Some of these situations can take on many forms. We made a judgment call of what we think is right. Don't worry if some of your answers are slightly different to ours.
Remember, this list isn't comprehensive, there will likely be many specific and structural features that aren't on this list.
What structural features characterise a dinner with friends?
What structural features characterise a team meeting?
What structural features characterise a poetry reading?
What structural features characterise facebook newsfeed?
Size: Why is the size Unclear - Each time we post we are unclear of how many people will engage with my post. The oposite to this is organising a dinner and putting th cap on the number of people to 10
Loyalty: Why is loyalty Transient - Most users on facebook are only opening their app for a quick check.
Pretext: Why is the prestext Shared Topic - Usualy we are reacting to posts and orienting our discussion our that topic
Structural Features of a Recent Time
Think back to a context you were recently in and write it here.
What structural features did you notice?
How many people are present?
Are people going to stick around?
Examples: Loyal â dinner with close friends. Trapped â WhatsApp group, open mic Fickle â people passing on the street Unclear â you canât tell
What kinds of responses are possible?
Examples: like | friend | follow | thank | review | comment | join | commit | request | buy | eye contact | body language | hand signals
How long are we present?
Examples: None â twitter, news feed Brief â speed dating Some â weekend workshop Enduring â workmates, old friends, family
Why are we communicating?
Examples: Shared Goal â team meeting Shared Value â close friends Shared Topic â comment thread Interlocking Goals â marketplace Unclear â strangers at a party
How quickly are we communicating?
Examples: Off the cuff â improv, chat rooms Asynchronous â texting Thoughtful â journal and share Contemplative â blog posts
Why is this or that person talking?
Examples: Invited â dinner/camping trip Uninvited â question time at a public event / comment in a public forum Selective â standard barrier (e.g., university)
What clues connect people?
Examples: Deep Context â education, talents, skill sets, interests, values Shallow Markings â age, class, gender, race, beauty None/Random â chat roulette
Do we need each other to proceed?
Examples: Dependent â parents/children, gatekeepers Interdependentâ congress, social club Independent â news feed
How well are people acquainted?
Examples: close friends | acquaintances | strangers | anonymous | mixed |
How do we interact?
Examples: In pairs â news feed Teams â sports league Whole Group â sharing circle Disjointed â high school dance (in-groups/out-groups)
Is there a social hierarchy?
Examples: Flat â no, we focus on equality Ranked â scores or skill levels Celebrity â huge differences
How much will outcomes affect me?
Examples: High â THIS MATTERS!!! Medium â I'll live either way, but... Low â who cares?
Will what I say stick around?
Examples: Ephemeral â Talking at a bar Temporary â Snapchat Searchable (w/effort) â Microfiche Permanent Record â Twitter
What else is relevant to the situation?
Questions?
Your trainer will be available to answer them in the dojo. Write everything down that you don't quite understand, so you don't forget to ask.
Do any of our answers to the filled-in structural features sheets surprise you? Which of these are you least clear on?
đŽ Structural Features and Expectations
You just identified structural features of different scenarios from memory (or live)! Now we'll build your intuition for when structural features generate Expectation or Goals.
To understand this, look at the diagram beneath. If you look at step 2 in our redesign method, structural features interact with values in two ways:
- They make hard steps harder (or easier)
- They drive the evolution of Expectation and goals which crowd out values
Questions?
I am a box you can type into to remember your questions.
đĽ Tracing Expectations from Structural Features
Structural Features generate norms
Let's look at the Social System of the Ted X Stage. Here, two Structural Features create the Expectation of Polished work:
- Audience Size: Big
- Durability: Permanent
- Stakes: High
Not many Ted X presenters walk up to the stage and 'wing it'. They know that their lecture will be permanently listed on Youtube and in podcasts. They also have to present in front of a large audience of people who are expecting a certain kind of delivery and quality in the presentation. The stakes are pretty high at larger Ted events. The audience has probably paid money to be there and don't want to be let down. The lecture will probably also have a lasting impact on the career of the presenter. They better not mess it up!
Social System:
Ted X Stage
Structural Feature:
Audience Size: Big Durability: Permanent Stakes: High
Expectation Generated:
Polished work
Social System:
Expectation Generated:
đŹ Meaning Analysis + Salvage
You've identified structural features and traced emerging norms and expectations to them. Now we'll analyze a recent meaningless time that you had. One that felt empty, pointless, or shitty. Try this with yourself by following the instructions below. If you have time later, interview someone using
Recall a meaningless time. Try and visualise the moment. Remember who were you with. What were their roles? What were you doing? What space are you in? What emotions did you feel or do you feel now as you remember? Maybe even retell the story out loud... paraphrase the story in box below.
Tell us about your meaningless time in this box... and then add relevant structural features.
Look at the story again and list the âStructural Features in the same box.
Using âŁď¸Emotions to Values, articulate the value that was being suppressed
Emotion:
Immediate Cause:
Value was/needed to be:
What's worth protecting?
What way of living is blocked?
What way of being has no space here?
Take Notes:
What's worth protecting?
What way of living is blocked?
What way of being is not safe to emerge?
Take Notes:
What's worth protecting?
What way of living is blocked?
What way of being is not safe to emerge?
Take Notes:
What's worth protecting?
What way of living is threatened?
What way of being can you not bear to give up on?
Take Notes:
What's worth protecting?
What way of living is threatened?
What way of being can you not bear to give up on?
Take Notes:
What's worth protecting?
What way of living is threatened?
Take Notes:
What's worth recovering?
What way of living is overridden?
What value did you fail to live by?
Take Notes:
What's worth recovering?
What way of living did you neglect?
Take Notes:
What's worth recovering?
What way of living did you neglect?
What did you fail to prioritise?
Take Notes:
What's worth recovering?
What way of living did you give up on?
What do you no longer trust yourself with?
Take Notes:
What's worth honoring?
What way of living is lost for now?
What way of living has become impossible?
Take Notes:
What is worth protecting?
What way of living is violated?
Take Notes:
What's worth recovering?
What way of living is estranged?
Take Notes:
What is worth protecting?
What way of living is violated?
Take Notes:
What is worth protecting?
What way of living is violated?
Take Notes:
What's worth honoring?
What way of living is lost for now?
What way of living has become impossible?
Take Notes:
What's worth honoring?
What way of living is lost for now?
What way of living has become impossible?
Take Notes:
What's worth honoring?
What way of living is lost for now?
What way of living has become impossible?
Take Notes:
What's worth recentering around?
What way of living is out of focus?
What way of living do you not know how to bring to this?
What ways of living seem to be in conflict with each other?
Take Notes:
What's worth recentering around?
What way of living is out of focus?
What way of living do you not know how to bring to this?
What ways of living seem to be in conflict with each other?
Take Notes:
What's worth nurturing?
What way of living is unsafe to emerge?
What's worth identifying?
What way of living would allow the above emerge?
Take Notes:
What's worth nurturing?
What way of living is unsafe to emerge?
What's worth identifying?
What way of living would allow the above emerge?
Take Notes:
What's worth nurturing?
What way of living is unsafe to emerge?
What's worth identifying?
What way of living would allow the above emerge?
Take Notes:
What's worth nurturing?
What way of living is unsafe to emerge?
What's worth identifying?
What way of living would allow the above emerge?
Take Notes:
What's worth demoting?
What way of living doesn't make sense anymore?
What's worth embracing?
What way of living will save the above?
Take Notes:
What's worth nurturing?
What way of living seems impossible?
Take Notes:
What's worth nurturing?
What way of living seems impossible?
Take Notes:
What's worth nurturing?
What way of living seems impossible?
Take Notes:
What's worth nurturing?
What way of living seems impossible?
Take Notes:
Take Notes:
What's worth nurturing?
What way of living seems impossible?
Take Notes:
Change the Story, Get More Stories, Take a New Perspective:
Values can get crowded out by internalized expectations. If you notice a negative self-image, perform a Self-Image Flip by asking them what the positive reversal of that would be.
Example: I just felt so weak in that moment...
What is your strong self like? How does that self (approach things/treat people/act/keep things/live life)?
Example: I'm completely incompetent...
What would it look like for you to be capable? How would you be able to (approach things/treat people/act/keep things/live life)?
Values can also get crowded out by external factors. In that case, find a question by performing a System Fix â getting rid of the problem.
Example: I was scared to say anything because I might lose my job.
How would you have been able to (approach things/treat people/act/keep things/live life) if you knew that you couldn't lose your job?
Example: The deadline was coming up, and I was just getting more and more frustrated...
How would you have been able to (approach things/treat people/act/keep things/live life) if you knew that you had all the time you needed?
Sometimes people have trouble seeing that their values aren't tied to the specifics of one story. In that case, find a question that invites them to think about similar Bad Times or Better Times.
Example (Bad Times): I just got so frustrated by the whole thing.
Are there other times that you have been frustrated like that? What way of (approaching things/treating people/acting/ keeping things/living life) seems blocked in those moments?
Example (Better Times): I felt like it didn't even matter if I was there.
Can you think of a time when it seemed like it mattered that you were there? What was different? How were you able to (approach things/act/treat people/keep things)?
You want to make sure that you don't only see your own personal value in another person's story. But saying what that value means for you can give them something to push against.
Example (Self-Reference): I guess it's a kind of authenticity.
When I'm being authentic, it's about sharing my feelings in a way that immediately resonates in my body. Is it like that for you too, or is it something else?
Sometimes people haven't reflected on their story before (or maybe they aren't very self-reflected in general). In that case, ask them for some Advice they would give themselves.
Example: It was all just so hopeless...
What advice would you give to yourself in that situation if you could go back? What way of (approaching things/treating people/acting/ keeping things/living life) would be important to remember?
Sometimes people's more easily recognize values they Admire or Appreciate in others.
Example: ...and then I just felt horrible about the whole thing...
Can you think of a person who would have handled that situation really well? How would they have (approached things/acted/treated people/kept things)? [CAREFUL: you might get an image they are pressuring themselves with here. If so, bring it back to a value or use another move.]
Reggie Luedtke came up with this. I'm not exactly sure why it works, but it's got a pretty solid track record. What wasn't being loved/is worth loving in this situation?
Example: ...and then I just felt horrible about the whole thing...
What would it look like if love would have been guiding your choices? How would you have been (approaching things/ treating people / acting / keeping things)? Alternately: What's worth loving in this situation?
Outline the story again, but from the outside... as if it were about someone else. How is that person having trouble (treating people/acting/approaching things/keeping things)?
Go through the Values Gauntlet and make sure it is a đł Pure, Articulated Personal Value
...treat people with ...act ...approach things ...keep things
Begin by
Find a word or short phrase that captures your value (a way of being). Write it down:
Using the word above, answer these questions one at a time. (slowly works best)
1) To seem this way to others, I've been:
2) But on my own terms, being this way means being:
3) And people I admire for being this way inspire me because they are:
How would you name your value now?
Use your answers to 2) and/or 3). Write it here:
approaching things ___, treating people ___, acting ___, keeping things ___, living life __
Then continue by
asking these questions to make sure you have a "pure value".
Note: your value might already be spot on. If so, you don't need to answer the questions.
- Would it still be worth doing independent of the outcome? If so, continue to the next bullet point. If not, it's a goal or fear! Take notes below.
- Would it still be worth doing if no one knew you did it? If so, continue to the next question. If not, it's a social norm. Take notes below.
- Do you believe you could still be a good person even if you failed to be this way? If so, continue to the next question. If not, it's an internalized social norm. Take notes below.
- Would it still be worth being this way if no one else ever joined in? If so, (after all the questions above) it's probably a value! If not, itâs an ideological commitment. Take notes below.
"How would I want to approach things/treat people/etc. if I couldn't affect the outcome?"
"How would I want to approach things/treat people/etc. if no one noticed?"
"How would I want to approach things/treat people/etc. if there were no rules?"
"How would I want to approach things/treat people/etc. if I couldn't influence anyone?
Use any relevant answers to write out your value below.
Note: your value might already be spot on. If so, you don't need to answer the questions.
Personal Value:
Is your value "clear"? If not, answer these questions:
When you manage to live by your personal value, what are you noticing? What specific aspects of the situation should your personal value phrase bring into the foreground?
Use that information to rephrase your value in non-poetic terms that anyone could understand:
approach things _____, treat people _____, act (with) _____, keep things _____, live life ______
Better Formulation of a value around "how to be while criticizing people"
When you manage to live by your value, what are you noticing? What specific aspects of the situation should your value phrase bring into the foreground?
What I notice, and need to foreground: That we're both human beings, and that I make mistakes all the time, and that I often don't handle things the way I would have wanted to
How would you tell an actor to be in a scene where they make choices based on that?
Personal Value: approach other people's faults with humility and compassion, relate to them in a way that is deeply mindful of your own imperfections
Is your value "awareness-guiding"? If not, ask these questions:
Where should you direct your attention in order to live by this personal value?
Use that information to rephrase your personal value and make those things stand out:
approach things _____, treat people _____, act (with) _____, keep things _____, live life ______
Better Formulation of a value around "how to be while receiving criticism"
I need to figure out where to direct my attention. Not what to do, but how is it important to be when people are criticizing me.
Where should you direct your attention in order to live by this personal value?: Stay open to connection. Trust the person behind the mirror that they are holding up to me.
Rephrase the personal value to make those things stand out:
Personal Value: connect fearlessly, don't lose touch with the person and the relationship, even when you don't want to see what they are showing you.
Is your value an "improvisational directive"? If not, ask these questions:
How would you tell an actor to approach a scene in which she lives by your personal value?
Use that information to rephrase your personal value to be more about how to proceed:
approach things _____, treat people _____, act (with) _____, keep things _____, live life ______
Better Formulation of a value around "how I want to treat my friends in tough times"
How would you tell an actor to approach a scene in which she lives by your personal value?: Think outside the box, and find solutions that could arise from collective efforts that wouldn't have been available to any one of you alone
Rephrase your personal value to be more about how to proceed:
Personal Value: keep things creative when friends are facing hardships, address problems collectively, draw on the wealth of your communal talents
You articulated your value and thought through relevant aspects of the environment. Now is the time to figure out why it was difficult to live by your value. Ask yourself if the value was crowded out â whether it was difficult to live by because considerations of strategy or social pressure became paramount. And then think through the structural features responsible â and come up with ways to fix what was wrong.
Step 1
For each non-value (goal, expectation) you find, generate a new template by clicking on the + grey button beneath.
Write the non-value in the first grey box. List the structural features that generate that goal or expectation in the second grey box. Do this again for all the major goals and expectations that crowd out your value.
What norm / expectation / goal / ideological commitment do you notice here?
Many ideologies; 'Flaming' with a tendency to defend or support others in your own "tribe"
From what structural features does this non-value emerge?
Stakes - Low Timing - Off the cuff Connectivity - In pairs Feedback - Like follow, wow, Sadface e.t.c
Which structural features can you change to make it possible to live by the value, and how they might you go about changing the structural feature.
Feedback - Remove Feedback / Change Feedback from simple 'Like' to 'This changed my mind' or 'This challenged my initial opinion' Perhaps a Timing - Contemplative - People can only update their posts once every week and are guided through a series of guiding questions questions
Structural Feature
Audience â Size: Large
Structural Feature (salvaged)
Make it an intimate group setting
What norm / expectation / goal / ideological commitment do you notice here?
Be professional! It's hard to dress creatively when you are worried about fitting in at work.
From what structural features does this non-value emerge?
Status - Ranked Relational Depth - Acquaintances Stakes - Medium
Salvage: How can you change this Structural Feature to change the non-value to support the value.
What norm / expectation / goal / ideological commitment do you notice here?
Closing a deal seems more important than being honest.
From what structural features does this non-value emerge?
Time Together - Brief Pretext - Many goals Pace - Reactive Loyalty - transient
Salvage: How can you change this Structural Feature to change the non-value to support the value.
Step 2
When you have done this for all the goals and expectations, open the toggle which says 'â Click here on your second pass'
Find a salvage that supports the value you are designing for, and then write out how the meaningless time would be different. Check out the examples above if you're stuck
Your turn!
đĽ Example: Political debate on Facebook
Mark Zuckerberg recently promoted that Facebook is a place for free expression. A place where we can come together to engage in political debate. A place to get clear on why we go to war, campaign for equality, and debate about our human rights e.t.c.
Nathan and Serge both found this difficult to agree with as they both have had negative emotions come up when they've tried to engage in political debate on Facebook newsfeed.
Have you ever experienced ad-hominem attacks, flame wars, racial discrimination or un-supported claims when engaging in the big conversations on Facebook?
We had to look into this further...
We did some emotions to values using our and came up with this value which was being blocked.
đł Personal Value that was suppressed (way you couldn't be/approach things/treat people):
Open-mindedness - approaching conversation as an ongoing exploration, seeking out viewpoints that challenge my own, and deeply reflecting on how my view is evolving.
We then listed all the structural features of the Facebook news feed comments
And made a note of some of the expectation and goals that crowded out that our value.
đđ Expectations that suppressed the value (following social norms or promoting ideologies):
1) I need to come off as smart and informed (and think of myself as such)
Time Together - None
Audience - Unknown
Depth - Mixed/Aquaintances
2) Many ideologies; 'Flaming' with a tendency to defend or support others in your own "tribe"
Stakes - Low
Timing - Off the cuff
Connectivity - In pairs
Gestures - like, love, haha, wow, sad, angry â follow, don't show, block
Time Together - None
Depth - Mixed
đ Goals and Fears that suppressed the value (strategies to get certain outcomes):
3) Running up points on the like button to like myself and be liked be others
Feedback - like, love, haha, wow, sad, angry â follow, don't show, block
Loyalty - Transient
We asked ourselves, do those overriding norms evolve because of some structural features?
And made a list of the top structural features that the norms evolve from
Click the grey toggle under each expectation and goal
Now it's your turn!
âď¸ Structural Features + đž Hards Steps
You've space jammed before (marked in red in the diagram above). To get you ready for the full redesign, we'll add structural features to space jam right now. You already know the template underneath â it's the same as in the last session, with the addition of a âď¸Structural Features (Easier In) section.
When we work on structural features, we ask ourselves what real or imaginary social systems make living by the suppressed value easier than the one you found yourself in. What small utopia would help you live by your value, and what can you learn from that exceptional space? That is why we call this exercise âď¸Structural Features (Easier In). Here is an example: it is much easier to practice a value around vulnerability in a space where the pace is slow, status is flat and when the stakes are low.
Think about the structural features of the context you were in, what other contexts your value would have been "easier in" and use both as inspiration for your redesign.
Problem/Emotion Story:
Emotion:
Immediate Cause:
Draft Value:
Change the Story, Get More Stories, Take a New Perspective:
Values can get crowded out by internalized expectations. If you notice a negative self-image, perform a Self-Image Flip by asking them what the positive reversal of that would be.
Example: I just felt so weak in that moment...
What is your strong self like? How does that self (approach things/treat people/act/keep things/live life)?
Example: I'm completely incompetent...
What would it look like for you to be capable? How would you be able to (approach things/treat people/act/keep things/live life)?
Values can also get crowded out by external factors. In that case, find a question by performing a System Fix â getting rid of the problem.
Example: I was scared to say anything because I might lose my job.
How would you have been able to (approach things/treat people/act/keep things/live life) if you knew that you couldn't lose your job?
Example: The deadline was coming up, and I was just getting more and more frustrated...
How would you have been able to (approach things/treat people/act/keep things/live life) if you knew that you had all the time you needed?
Sometimes people have trouble seeing that their values aren't tied to the specifics of one story. In that case, find a question that invites them to think about similar Bad Times or Better Times.
Example (Bad Times): I just got so frustrated by the whole thing.
Are there other times that you have been frustrated like that? What way of (approaching things/treating people/acting/ keeping things/living life) seems blocked in those moments?
Example (Better Times): I felt like it didn't even matter if I was there.
Can you think of a time when it seemed like it mattered that you were there? What was different? How were you able to (approach things/act/treat people/keep things)?
You want to make sure that you don't only see your own personal value in another person's story. But saying what that value means for you can give them something to push against.
Example (Self-Reference): I guess it's a kind of authenticity.
When I'm being authentic, it's about sharing my feelings in a way that immediately resonates in my body. Is it like that for you too, or is it something else?
Sometimes people haven't reflected on their story before (or maybe they aren't very self-reflected in general). In that case, ask them for some Advice they would give themselves.
Example: It was all just so hopeless...
What advice would you give to yourself in that situation if you could go back? What way of (approaching things/treating people/acting/ keeping things/living life) would be important to remember?
Sometimes people's more easily recognize values they Admire or Appreciate in others.
Example: ...and then I just felt horrible about the whole thing...
Can you think of a person who would have handled that situation really well? How would they have (approached things/acted/treated people/kept things)? [CAREFUL: you might get an image they are pressuring themselves with here. If so, bring it back to a value or use another move.]
Reggie Luedtke came up with this. I'm not exactly sure why it works, but it's got a pretty solid track record. What wasn't being loved/is worth loving in this situation?
Example: ...and then I just felt horrible about the whole thing...
What would it look like if love would have been guiding your choices? How would you have been (approaching things/ treating people / acting / keeping things)? Alternately: What's worth loving in this situation?
Outline the story again, but from the outside... as if it were about someone else. How is that person having trouble (treating people/acting/approaching things/keeping things)?
What's worth protecting?
What way of living is blocked?
What way of being has no space here?
Take Notes:
What's worth protecting?
What way of living is blocked?
What way of being is not safe to emerge?
Take Notes:
What's worth protecting?
What way of living is blocked?
What way of being is not safe to emerge?
Take Notes:
What's worth protecting?
What way of living is threatened?
What way of being can you not bear to give up on?
Take Notes:
What's worth protecting?
What way of living is threatened?
What way of being can you not bear to give up on?
Take Notes:
What's worth protecting?
What way of living is threatened?
Take Notes:
What's worth recovering?
What way of living is overridden?
What value did you fail to live by?
Take Notes:
What's worth recovering?
What way of living did you neglect?
Take Notes:
What's worth recovering?
What way of living did you neglect?
What did you fail to prioritise?
Take Notes:
What's worth recovering?
What way of living did you give up on?
What do you no longer trust yourself with?
Take Notes:
What's worth honoring?
What way of living is lost for now?
What way of living has become impossible?
Take Notes:
What is worth protecting?
What way of living is violated?
Take Notes:
What's worth recovering?
What way of living is estranged?
Take Notes:
What is worth protecting?
What way of living is violated?
Take Notes:
What is worth protecting?
What way of living is violated?
Take Notes:
What's worth honoring?
What way of living is lost for now?
What way of living has become impossible?
Take Notes:
What's worth honoring?
What way of living is lost for now?
What way of living has become impossible?
Take Notes:
What's worth honoring?
What way of living is lost for now?
What way of living has become impossible?
Take Notes:
What's worth recentering around?
What way of living is out of focus?
What way of living do you not know how to bring to this?
What ways of living seem to be in conflict with each other?
Take Notes:
What's worth recentering around?
What way of living is out of focus?
What way of living do you not know how to bring to this?
What ways of living seem to be in conflict with each other?
Take Notes:
What's worth nurturing?
What way of living is unsafe to emerge?
What's worth identifying?
What way of living would allow the above emerge?
Take Notes:
What's worth nurturing?
What way of living is unsafe to emerge?
What's worth identifying?
What way of living would allow the above emerge?
Take Notes:
What's worth nurturing?
What way of living is unsafe to emerge?
What's worth identifying?
What way of living would allow the above emerge?
Take Notes:
What's worth nurturing?
What way of living is unsafe to emerge?
What's worth identifying?
What way of living would allow the above emerge?
Take Notes:
What's worth demoting?
What way of living doesn't make sense anymore?
What's worth embracing?
What way of living will save the above?
Take Notes:
What's worth nurturing?
What way of living seems impossible?
Take Notes:
What's worth nurturing?
What way of living seems impossible?
Take Notes:
What's worth nurturing?
What way of living seems impossible?
Take Notes:
What's worth nurturing?
What way of living seems impossible?
Take Notes:
Take Notes:
What's worth nurturing?
What way of living seems impossible?
Take Notes:
đł Personal Value:
Begin by
Find a word or short phrase that captures your value (a way of being). Write it down:
Using the word above, answer these questions one at a time. (slowly works best)
1) To seem this way to others, I've been:
2) But on my own terms, being this way means being:
3) And people I admire for being this way inspire me because they are:
How would you name your value now?
Use your answers to 2) and/or 3). Write it here:
approaching things ___, treating people ___, acting ___, keeping things ___, living life __
Then continue by
asking these questions to make sure you have a "pure value".
Note: your value might already be spot on. If so, you don't need to answer the questions.
- Would it still be worth doing independent of the outcome? If so, continue to the next bullet point. If not, it's a goal or fear! Take notes below.
- Would it still be worth doing if no one knew you did it? If so, continue to the next question. If not, it's a social norm. Take notes below.
- Do you believe you could still be a good person even if you failed to be this way? If so, continue to the next question. If not, it's an internalized social norm. Take notes below.
- Would it still be worth being this way if no one else ever joined in? If so, (after all the questions above) it's probably a value! If not, itâs an ideological commitment. Take notes below.
"How would I want to approach things/treat people/etc. if I couldn't affect the outcome?"
"How would I want to approach things/treat people/etc. if no one noticed?"
"How would I want to approach things/treat people/etc. if there were no rules?"
"How would I want to approach things/treat people/etc. if I couldn't influence anyone?
Use any relevant answers to write out your value below.
Note: your value might already be spot on. If so, you don't need to answer the questions.
Personal Value:
Is your value "clear"? If not, answer these questions:
When you manage to live by your personal value, what are you noticing? What specific aspects of the situation should your personal value phrase bring into the foreground?
Use that information to rephrase your value in non-poetic terms that anyone could understand:
approach things _____, treat people _____, act (with) _____, keep things _____, live life ______
Better Formulation of a value around "how to be while criticizing people"
When you manage to live by your value, what are you noticing? What specific aspects of the situation should your value phrase bring into the foreground?
What I notice, and need to foreground: That we're both human beings, and that I make mistakes all the time, and that I often don't handle things the way I would have wanted to
How would you tell an actor to be in a scene where they make choices based on that?
Personal Value: approach other people's faults with humility and compassion, relate to them in a way that is deeply mindful of your own imperfections
Is your value "awareness-guiding"? If not, ask these questions:
Where should you direct your attention in order to live by this personal value?
Use that information to rephrase your personal value and make those things stand out:
approach things _____, treat people _____, act (with) _____, keep things _____, live life ______
Better Formulation of a value around "how to be while receiving criticism"
I need to figure out where to direct my attention. Not what to do, but how is it important to be when people are criticizing me.
Where should you direct your attention in order to live by this personal value?: Stay open to connection. Trust the person behind the mirror that they are holding up to me.
Rephrase the personal value to make those things stand out:
Personal Value: connect fearlessly, don't lose touch with the person and the relationship, even when you don't want to see what they are showing you.
Is your value an "improvisational directive"? If not, ask these questions:
How would you tell an actor to approach a scene in which she lives by your personal value?
Use that information to rephrase your personal value to be more about how to proceed:
approach things _____, treat people _____, act (with) _____, keep things _____, live life ______
Better Formulation of a value around "how I want to treat my friends in tough times"
How would you tell an actor to approach a scene in which she lives by your personal value?: Think outside the box, and find solutions that could arise from collective efforts that wouldn't have been available to any one of you alone
Rephrase your personal value to be more about how to proceed:
Personal Value: keep things creative when friends are facing hardships, address problems collectively, draw on the wealth of your communal talents
đŁ Hard Steps:
Step 1: Come up with potential Hard Steps
Allow yourself to come up with many imperfect hard steps. You'll have time to find their constituent parts and refine them later.
Ask yourself: - What is hard about living by this value? - Which challenging action do I have to take to live by this value? - Where do my attempts to live by this value break down?
- NoticingâNoticing an internal or external stimulus, Attending to something, Tracking something.
- FeelingâNoticing, Identifying the emotion, Disentangling the immediate cause and associated beliefs.
- FocusingâNoticing, Selecting what to focus on, Attending to Something, Shifting focus, Tracking something over time, Keeping in mind, Staying in Touch with, Not getting distracted.
- Recognizing, IdentifyingâNoticing an internal or external stimulus, Having a Referent (e.g. previous experience with the thing I am trying to identify)
- Gathering information, Finding outâDiscovering, Investigating, Scanning forâKnowing what you need (to know, to look out for), Gaining access, Interpreting what you learn.
- Remembering, RecallingâRemembering how to do something or explicit knowledge, Having gained that knowledge, Remembering to remember.
- Generating, imagining alternatives (creativity)
- Assessing, discerningâAssessing, Evaluating, Discerning, Telling whether, Separating, Identifying.
- Deciding, Weighing, ChoosingâTrading off, Prioritising, Balancing more than one concern, Choosing the best ... (team, time, space)
- Modeling, ForeseeingâModeling interactions, Stepping into the shoes of the other, Foreseeing consequences, Anticipating.
- Changing Situations and GamesâMaking space for, Creating, Getting, Finding, Arranging, Collecting, Building, Borrowing, Asking for support with, Pausing, Rearranging
- Social SkillsâNegotiating, Listening, Asking, Understanding, Reminding, Providing support, Stepping into their shoes, Empathy
- Resources, Capacity, ExperienceâSetting yourself up ahead of time to do hard things later.
- Changing Course, Dealing with SetbacksâAccepting, Sitting with, Bearing, Knowing it's okay, Improvising, Stepping back, Aborting, Changing mental model, gear, lens.
- The (right) equipment (to) remember, identity, find, arrange, collect, build, borrow âDo you need a special kind of equipment? Whatâs hard to do about knowing what you need or getting those things?
- The (right) people (to) identify, gather, select, find, get on board, convince, build relationships with âDoes this value require a specific person? If so, whatâs hard to do about gathering people who fit the criteria? Whatâs hard to do about knowing where to find them? What kind of information would you need to tell if someone is right? Whatâs hard to do about gathering that information? âWhat would you need to set up long in advance?
- The (right) time and timing (to) identify, notice, make, schedule âDoes the moment need to be right? What would you need to be able to tell if the moment is right? Whatâs hard to do about evaluating that?
- The (right) setting (to) imagine, find, identify, set up, make, negotiate, decorate âIs this value easier in a specific setting? If so, whatâs hard to do about creating that setting? âDo you need a certain mood or situation? If so, whatâs hard to do about setting that mood / getting into that situation?
- Current capacity and needs (physical, intellectual, emotional) (to) Assess, bolster, provide support, keep in mind, make space for, listen to, ask about âWhat do you need to be capable of handling as it unfolds? What is hard to do about that?
- Skills, ability (to) Assess, bolster, practice, grow, accommodate, keep in mind
- Current mood/emotions (to) Assess, make space for, acknowledge, change plans for, improvise, change gears, model, foresee, track, keep in mind âWhat do you need to be able to feel? Whatâs hard to do about that? Whatâs hard to do about knowing when youâre ready to handle and feel those things? âDo you need a certain mood? Whatâs hard to do about setting that mood? âDoes this value require a person to be in a specific state? If so, whatâs hard to do about getting people into that state? What kind of information would you need in order to tell if someone is in the right state? Whatâs hard to do about gathering that info? Is the state you/they need to be in fragile? Whatâs hard to do about getting yourself/others there?
- Limiting beliefs (to) notice, identify, name, process, make time for, sit with, keep in mind, not get drawn into
- Sense of safety, trust (to) Assess, reassure, call to mind, remember, remind, provide support, keep in mind, ask about âAre there reasons it might be unsafe to do this? What kind of information do you need to decide? Whatâs hard to do about figuring out whether itâs safe in this particular situation?
- How might they see and understand me (to) model, assess, step into their shoes, remember, ask about, listen to, adjust course
- Status, Relationship Durability, Communication, Willingness to cooperate (to) assess, take into account, change, remember, remind, track over time, change, ignore, make space for, address
- Other consequences living by this value might have (to) assess, accept, sit with, make space for, hear out, mitigate, prepare for, remember, change, ignore
Step 2: Screen and Pick
Go through the list of potential hard steps. Drop or improve them one by one.
- â Solid Hard Step
- đˇ Not an instruction. Is it an instruction you could turn into action right away? If not, make it one. Decide yourself at which point to stop making instructions more concrete. Mark tactics to address a Hard Step with a lightbulb.
- đ Potentially unnecessary. Ask yourself whether there is any way you can live by this value without doing this step? It's not always clear-cut whether a step is necessary or not. Ask yourself how helpful this step is and consider kicking it out.
- đ˛ Not really hard. Is this step hard to do? If not, find what is hard to do or kick it out.
- âď¸ Too unique. Does it apply across cases? If not, make it less unique or kick it out.
- đĄ A tactic for addressing a Hard Step. Write them underneath the Hard Step they address when they happen upon you and mark them with a lightbulb.
- NoticingâNoticing an internal or external stimulus, Attending to something, Tracking something.
- FeelingâNoticing, Identifying the emotion, Disentangling the immediate cause and associated beliefs.
- FocusingâNoticing, Selecting what to focus on, Attending to Something, Shifting focus, Tracking something over time, Keeping in mind, Staying in Touch with, Not getting distracted.
- Recognizing, IdentifyingâNoticing an internal or external stimulus, Having a Referent (e.g. previous experience with the thing I am trying to identify)
- Gathering information, Finding outâDiscovering, Investigating, Scanning forâKnowing what you need (to know, to look out for), Gaining access, Interpreting what you learn.
- Remembering, RecallingâRemembering how to do something or explicit knowledge, Having gained that knowledge, Remembering to remember.
- Generating, imagining alternatives (creativity)
- Assessing, discerningâAssessing, Evaluating, Discerning, Telling whether, Separating, Identifying.
- Deciding, Weighing, ChoosingâTrading off, Prioritising, Balancing more than one concern, Choosing the best ... (team, time, space)
- Modeling, ForeseeingâModeling interactions, Stepping into the shoes of the other, Foreseeing consequences, Anticipating.
- Changing Situations and GamesâMaking space for, Creating, Getting, Finding, Arranging, Collecting, Building, Borrowing, Asking for support with, Pausing, Rearranging
- Social SkillsâNegotiating, Listening, Asking, Understanding, Reminding, Providing support, Stepping into their shoes, Empathy
- Resources, Capacity, ExperienceâSetting yourself up ahead of time to do hard things later.
- Changing Course, Dealing with SetbacksâAccepting, Sitting with, Bearing, Knowing it's okay, Improvising, Stepping back, Aborting, Changing mental model, gear, lens.
- The (right) equipment (to) remember, identity, find, arrange, collect, build, borrow âDo you need a special kind of equipment? Whatâs hard to do about knowing what you need or getting those things?
- The (right) people (to) identify, gather, select, find, get on board, convince, build relationships with âDoes this value require a specific person? If so, whatâs hard to do about gathering people who fit the criteria? Whatâs hard to do about knowing where to find them? What kind of information would you need to tell if someone is right? Whatâs hard to do about gathering that information? âWhat would you need to set up long in advance?
- The (right) time and timing (to) identify, notice, make, schedule âDoes the moment need to be right? What would you need to be able to tell if the moment is right? Whatâs hard to do about evaluating that?
- The (right) setting (to) imagine, find, identify, set up, make, negotiate, decorate âIs this value easier in a specific setting? If so, whatâs hard to do about creating that setting? âDo you need a certain mood or situation? If so, whatâs hard to do about setting that mood / getting into that situation?
- Current capacity and needs (physical, intellectual, emotional) (to) Assess, bolster, provide support, keep in mind, make space for, listen to, ask about âWhat do you need to be capable of handling as it unfolds? What is hard to do about that?
- Skills, ability (to) Assess, bolster, practice, grow, accommodate, keep in mind
- Current mood/emotions (to) Assess, make space for, acknowledge, change plans for, improvise, change gears, model, foresee, track, keep in mind âWhat do you need to be able to feel? Whatâs hard to do about that? Whatâs hard to do about knowing when youâre ready to handle and feel those things? âDo you need a certain mood? Whatâs hard to do about setting that mood? âDoes this value require a person to be in a specific state? If so, whatâs hard to do about getting people into that state? What kind of information would you need in order to tell if someone is in the right state? Whatâs hard to do about gathering that info? Is the state you/they need to be in fragile? Whatâs hard to do about getting yourself/others there?
- Limiting beliefs (to) notice, identify, name, process, make time for, sit with, keep in mind, not get drawn into
- Sense of safety, trust (to) Assess, reassure, call to mind, remember, remind, provide support, keep in mind, ask about âAre there reasons it might be unsafe to do this? What kind of information do you need to decide? Whatâs hard to do about figuring out whether itâs safe in this particular situation?
- How might they see and understand me (to) model, assess, step into their shoes, remember, ask about, listen to, adjust course
- Status, Relationship Durability, Communication, Willingness to cooperate (to) assess, take into account, change, remember, remind, track over time, change, ignore, make space for, address
- Other consequences living by this value might have (to) assess, accept, sit with, make space for, hear out, mitigate, prepare for, remember, change, ignore
- NoticingâNoticing an internal or external stimulus, Attending to something, Tracking something.
- FeelingâNoticing, Identifying the emotion, Disentangling the immediate cause and associated beliefs.
- FocusingâNoticing, Selecting what to focus on, Attending to Something, Shifting focus, Tracking something over time, Keeping in mind, Staying in Touch with, Not getting distracted.
- Recognizing, IdentifyingâNoticing an internal or external stimulus, Having a Referent (e.g. previous experience with the thing I am trying to identify)
- Gathering information, Finding outâDiscovering, Investigating, Scanning forâKnowing what you need (to know, to look out for), Gaining access, Interpreting what you learn.
- Remembering, RecallingâRemembering how to do something or explicit knowledge, Having gained that knowledge, Remembering to remember.
- Generating, imagining alternatives (creativity)
- Assessing, discerningâAssessing, Evaluating, Discerning, Telling whether, Separating, Identifying.
- Deciding, Weighing, ChoosingâTrading off, Prioritising, Balancing more than one concern, Choosing the best ... (team, time, space)
- Modeling, ForeseeingâModeling interactions, Stepping into the shoes of the other, Foreseeing consequences, Anticipating.
- Changing Situations and GamesâMaking space for, Creating, Getting, Finding, Arranging, Collecting, Building, Borrowing, Asking for support with, Pausing, Rearranging
- Social SkillsâNegotiating, Listening, Asking, Understanding, Reminding, Providing support, Stepping into their shoes, Empathy
- Resources, Capacity, ExperienceâSetting yourself up ahead of time to do hard things later.
- Changing Course, Dealing with SetbacksâAccepting, Sitting with, Bearing, Knowing it's okay, Improvising, Stepping back, Aborting, Changing mental model, gear, lens.
- The (right) equipment (to) remember, identity, find, arrange, collect, build, borrow âDo you need a special kind of equipment? Whatâs hard to do about knowing what you need or getting those things?
- The (right) people (to) identify, gather, select, find, get on board, convince, build relationships with âDoes this value require a specific person? If so, whatâs hard to do about gathering people who fit the criteria? Whatâs hard to do about knowing where to find them? What kind of information would you need to tell if someone is right? Whatâs hard to do about gathering that information? âWhat would you need to set up long in advance?
- The (right) time and timing (to) identify, notice, make, schedule âDoes the moment need to be right? What would you need to be able to tell if the moment is right? Whatâs hard to do about evaluating that?
- The (right) setting (to) imagine, find, identify, set up, make, negotiate, decorate âIs this value easier in a specific setting? If so, whatâs hard to do about creating that setting? âDo you need a certain mood or situation? If so, whatâs hard to do about setting that mood / getting into that situation?
- Current capacity and needs (physical, intellectual, emotional) (to) Assess, bolster, provide support, keep in mind, make space for, listen to, ask about âWhat do you need to be capable of handling as it unfolds? What is hard to do about that?
- Skills, ability (to) Assess, bolster, practice, grow, accommodate, keep in mind
- Current mood/emotions (to) Assess, make space for, acknowledge, change plans for, improvise, change gears, model, foresee, track, keep in mind âWhat do you need to be able to feel? Whatâs hard to do about that? Whatâs hard to do about knowing when youâre ready to handle and feel those things? âDo you need a certain mood? Whatâs hard to do about setting that mood? âDoes this value require a person to be in a specific state? If so, whatâs hard to do about getting people into that state? What kind of information would you need in order to tell if someone is in the right state? Whatâs hard to do about gathering that info? Is the state you/they need to be in fragile? Whatâs hard to do about getting yourself/others there?
- Limiting beliefs (to) notice, identify, name, process, make time for, sit with, keep in mind, not get drawn into
- Sense of safety, trust (to) Assess, reassure, call to mind, remember, remind, provide support, keep in mind, ask about âAre there reasons it might be unsafe to do this? What kind of information do you need to decide? Whatâs hard to do about figuring out whether itâs safe in this particular situation?
- How might they see and understand me (to) model, assess, step into their shoes, remember, ask about, listen to, adjust course
- Status, Relationship Durability, Communication, Willingness to cooperate (to) assess, take into account, change, remember, remind, track over time, change, ignore, make space for, address
- Other consequences living by this value might have (to) assess, accept, sit with, make space for, hear out, mitigate, prepare for, remember, change, ignore
âď¸ Structural Features (Easier In) What structural features of the situation can you identify? What real or imaginary social system makes living by the suppressed value easier than the one you found yourself in?
đ¸ Space Jam:
YOUR GAME SUCKS BECAUSE...
Does the game begin and end in a satisfying way? Is the beginning scary? The end triumphant? What design elements are important here?
Some people go all-in as soon as a game starts, and others are slower to warm to it. Ideally a game can accommodate a variety of levels of engagement and win people over to a kind of commitment through play. Does your game do this? How does it create room for the less engaged player? Will they have experiences that draw them in? Will social pressure exists even among less engaged players that will push them towards commitment? Can it accommodate different rates of engagement?
Does the game have a skill set all its own, or does it just engage standard issue human skills (i.e., will the winner generally just be the strongest, the best at pattern matching, the most social)? Ideally, challenges of the game should be unfamiliar and worth improving at.
The best games have a complexity and richness which isnât revealed in the instructions but instead slowly through play. Does your game have strategies which a player would only hit upon after 10 minutes (or 10 hours) of play? Do the roles and tasks create an ecosystem together which affords a variety of ways of playing and of attending to the play of others? Are there different ways to use the room, to use props, or to use other players which take time to explore? Do the instructions manage to create a good beginning and a good end without spelling exactly out how they happen?
In game design, the word balance is used to mean a game in which very different personality styles and very different strategic approaches can compete equally. So a game is balanced if offensive strikes and more defensive approaches can both seem like a good idea. Or if introverts and extroverts can play against one another, using their different strengths. Balance, more than any other feature, is what makes a classic game.
What do the players focus on, at each stage of the game? Do competitive or race condition tasks take players focus off of each other, and is that desired? Does a difficult task take focus off how a player is being perceived? If there are moments of conviviality, how does focus come to be on the group feeling?
Is there a rhythm to the engagement of the game? Does it give people time to breathe, to appreciate their accomplishments, to plan? Are there quiet moments, or moments of sub-group intimacy / knowing eye contact / etc?
At what level are players able to contribute something of their own? Do they invent their own strategy? Is there a performative quality they can bring? Are their creative tasks? Does a player have room to really invent or are they pressured to optimize? Is their contribution actually of consequence or is it merely a gloss?
Redesign notes:
Simple Instructions
Space Jams are mini-games that help a person to practice their value. In its most stripped-down form, a game is a set of simple instructions. For example:
Write simple instructions that give someone a chance to practice living by the value above. At this point, we're designing in a "System Blind" way (see above), but it's just to get us started.
Simple Instructions:
đł Personal Value: Approach conversations with strangers in a way that encourages emotional vulnerability, and cultivates an increasing sense of trust and intimacy
Note: It's best to write instructions that only require the people who happen to be present. So your game might involve role play (e.g. someone is the "boss", and someone is the "worker).
Design around the đŁ Hard Steps
We want to support the value, but make sure not to skip the Hard Steps. Right now, your simple instructions (above) are just saying, "Do the thing!" But keep revisiting them and be creative around supporting someone in tackling the Hard Steps of living by their value.
Personal Value: đł Approach conversations with strangers in a way that encourages emotional vulnerability, and cultivates an increasing sense of trust and intimacy
Simple Instructions 1. Find a stranger. 2. Share an emotionally charged story with them. 3. Ask them to share an emotionally charged story with you.
Hard Steps: đŁ Feel through your feelings around talking to a stranger đŁ Assess whether the stranger you chose is open to being vulnerable right now đŁ Maintain a slow back-and-forth pace of revealing intimate information đŁ Process feelings that come up in the moment đŁ Find ways to co-create a sense of being understood
đ¸Space Jam 1. Begin: identify a stranger you'd like to talk to. Scan you body for feelings, and interrogate the thoughts that give rise to them. Once you are calm in your body, go up and start talking with the stranger. 2. Explain: Ask if they would be up for playing a 3 round game in which you both answer increasingly personal questions. If they agree, proceed to Round 1. If they arenât up for it, give them a genuine compliment and wish them well. 3. Round 1: Tell a story about something recently that made you feel a strong emotion. After each person goes, the other person decides on a sound that represents that feeling. Make the sound together. Example: anger - âROAR!â 4. Round 2: What are you most afraid of happening in your life in the next few months? After each person goes, the other person gives the fear a short name, and both players say the name while âshaking it offâ. Example: âUnemploymentâ 5. Round 3: Whatâs something that you deeply desire, and donât talk with many people about? Example: "I want to move to Bali." Improvise a beat together around a word from the story and have a mini Dance Party. 6. Finish by staring into each otherâs eyes for 60 seconds, both thinking of a genuine compliment you'd like to give the other person. Then share that compliment and thank each other for playing.
Remember that games donât necessarily involve scores, or even competition. Just make sure your game ends up being effective, interesting, and (at least some kind of) fun!
Questions?
I am a box you can type into to remember your questions.
đ All done. See you in class!
SF FAQ How did we come up w these structural features? *How do SF relate with Hard Steps? *How do SF change whether we can live by value? (graph: changes salience so goals crowd out stuff, changes ease of hard steps) *What if you are not in charge of a system? *Which of these can you game-change? How do norms arise out of SF?